Unconfirmed reports are circulating that China will allow extensions of patent term of pharmaceutical patent from 20 to 25 years starting this month. This is said to be in response to U.S. criticism over intellectual property violations.
These reports appear to be based on a decision of an executive meeting of the State Council (China’s Cabinet) presided over by Premier Li Keqiang on April 12, 2018 (http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-04/12/c_1122674781.htm). This decision refers to the strengthening of protection for intellectual property rights, the removal of tariffs from common imported drugs including cancer drugs, cancer alkaloid-based drugs, and imported traditional Chinese medicines, and allowing for a 5 year extension of patent term for pharmaceutical patents for an innovative medicine (which would ordinarily exclude at least process and composition patents).
There is no reference in the decision to any time frames for the introduction of the patent term extension but the removal of tariffs is said to apply from May 1. It is likely that any introduction of a patent term extension will take some time as this would require a change in the current Chinese patent law.
If China does introduce patent term extension, it would mean that China is following countries such as Canada who have extended pharmaceutical patent terms as a result of trade negotiations. This is becoming a standard concession as the extension usually only applies to patents filed after the legislation is in force, which allows 20 years for businesses and consumers to adjust. However, it appears from the Chinese language report and the State Council’s decision that China intends to allow the extension to apply to existing pharmaceutical patents but on the condition that the patent owner applies for a manufacturing license in China and overseas. If the patented product is only imported into China, the extension may not be available.
This condition is interesting as it fits with the Made in China 2025 policy to improve China’s abilities in the biomedicine area. However it also means that issues of knowledge transfer behind the recent trade dispute between China and the United States remain alive.